Neuroanatomy Atlas

Four major lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital -- each with distinct functional roles
Key sulci: central (Rolandic), lateral (Sylvian), parieto-occipital, calcarine
Primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus) and primary sensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)
Broca's area (inferior frontal gyrus) and Wernicke's area (posterior superior temporal gyrus)
White matter tracts: arcuate fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, corpus callosum

Lateral ventricles (paired) communicate with third ventricle via foramen of Monro
Third ventricle connects to fourth ventricle via cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)
Fourth ventricle drains via foramina of Luschka (lateral) and Magendie (median)

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Midbrain: cerebral peduncles, superior/inferior colliculi, red nucleus, substantia nigra
Pons: middle cerebellar peduncles, pontine nuclei, CN V-VIII nuclei
Medulla: pyramids (corticospinal decussation), inferior olivary nuclei, CN IX-XII nuclei

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Vermis (midline) controls truncal coordination; hemispheres control limb coordination
Three peduncles: superior (output to thalamus), middle (input from pons), inferior (input from spinal cord)
Deep nuclei: dentate (largest), emboliform, globose, fastigial

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CN I (Olfactory) and CN II (Optic) are the only cranial nerves that are CNS tracts
CN III, IV, VI control eye movements; CN IV is the only nerve that exits dorsally and decussates
CN V (Trigeminal) has three divisions: V1 ophthalmic, V2 maxillary, V3 mandibular

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Anterior fossa: cribriform plate (CN I), orbital plates of frontal bone
Middle fossa: sella turcica (pituitary), cavernous sinus, foramen ovale (V3), foramen spinosum (MMA)
Posterior fossa: foramen magnum, jugular foramen (CN IX, X, XI), internal acoustic meatus (CN VII, VIII)

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Circle of Willis: ACA, AComm, MCA, ICA, PComm, PCA, basilar -- provides collateral circulation
MCA supplies lateral hemisphere; ACA supplies medial surface; PCA supplies occipital lobe
Dural venous sinuses: superior sagittal, inferior sagittal, straight, transverse, sigmoid

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31 spinal segments: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal
Major ascending tracts: dorsal columns (proprioception), spinothalamic (pain/temperature)
Major descending tracts: lateral corticospinal (voluntary motor), reticulospinal (posture)

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Three layers: dura mater (tough outer), arachnoid mater (middle), pia mater (adherent to brain)
Epidural space: between skull/vertebrae and dura -- site of epidural hematomas (MMA rupture)
Subdural space: between dura and arachnoid -- bridging vein tears cause subdural hematomas

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Paired venous sinuses lateral to the sella turcica and sphenoid body
Contains: ICA (with sympathetic plexus), CN III, IV, V1, V2, VI -- CN VI runs freely within the sinus
Lateral wall layers: CN III (superior), CN IV, V1, V2 (inferior) embedded in dural folds

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